@article {74,
	title = {Molecular analysis of a para sodium channel gene from pyrethroid-resistant head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {468 - 474},
	abstract = {The problem of pyrethroid-resistance in head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer), is growing worldwide, and an insensitive sodium channel is suspected as the major mechanism of this resistance. We sequenced an open reading frame (ORF) encoding for the para-orthologous sodium channel from an insecticide-susceptible strain of the body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus (L.), based on conserved peptide sequences and a known partial gene sequence. Phenothrin-susceptible and -resistant head louse colonies from Japanese were individually analyzed for point mutations of the sodium channel cDNA; susceptible head and body lice differed in double homozygous synonymous substitutions. The resistant head lice shared 23 base substitutions homozygously, in which four resulted in amino acid substitutions: D11E in the N-terminal inner-membrane segment; M850T in the outer-membrane loop between segments four and five of domain II; T952I and L955 F in the trans-membrane segment five of domain II. The latter two substitutions coincided with those of pyrethroid-resistant head lice in the U.S. and U.K. (Lee et al. 2000), within the available published information on the peptide sequences. The potential mechanisms of head louse pyrethroid-resistance are discussed based on the four structural changes of the target molecule.},
	keywords = {Amino Acids, animals, Drug Resistance/genetics, humans, insecticide, Molecular Sequence Data, Pediculus, polymerase, Pyrethrum, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, RNA, Messenger/genetics, sequence, Sodium Channels/chemistry/genetics},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/44754.pdf},
	author = {Tomita,Takashi and Yaguchi,Noboru and Mihara,Minoru and Takahashi,Masakazu and Agui,Noriaki and Kasai,Shinji}
}
@article {79,
	title = {Prevalence and treatment of Pediculus humanus capitis with 1\% permethrin and 0.4\% d-phenothrin in Turkey},
	journal = {Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove)},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2003},
	note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 9705947; 0 (Hair Preparations); 0 (Insecticides); 0 (Pyrethrins); 26002-80-2 (phenothrin); 52645-53-1 (Permethrin); ppublish},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {73 - 75},
	address = {Czech Republic},
	abstract = {Pediculosis humanus capitis (head lice) is an important public health problem among school children. In our study, 20,612 schoolchildren (10,367 boys, 10,245 girls) were examined for Pediculus humanus capitis in 36 elementary schools between December 1996 and February 1998 in Ankara, Turkey. The prevalence of pediculosis capitis infestation was found to be 3.4\% (701/20,612). Of these, 382 students were treated with application of 1\% permethrin cream rinse, and 184 students with 0.4\% d-phenothrin shampoo. On day 14 of the controlled trial, the success rates were 93.7\% in the 1\% permethrin cream rinse group and 75.5\% in the 0.4\% d-phenothrin shampoo group. The 1\% permethrin cream rinse was also significantly more active in pediculicidal efficacy when compared to the 0.4\% d-phenothrin shampoo (p<0.001). As a result, these findings demonstrate that pediculosis capitis still remains a widespread health problem.},
	keywords = {animals, child, Comparative Study, hair, humans, insecticide, Lice Infestations/drug therapy/epidemiology, Pediculus, Permethrin, Pyrethrum, scalp dermatoses, Single-Blind Method, Turkey/epidemiology},
	isbn = {1211-4286},
	author = {Tanyuksel,M. and Araz,R. E. and Albay,A. and Aycicek,H.}
}
