@article {74,
	title = {Molecular analysis of a para sodium channel gene from pyrethroid-resistant head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {468 - 474},
	abstract = {The problem of pyrethroid-resistance in head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer), is growing worldwide, and an insensitive sodium channel is suspected as the major mechanism of this resistance. We sequenced an open reading frame (ORF) encoding for the para-orthologous sodium channel from an insecticide-susceptible strain of the body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus (L.), based on conserved peptide sequences and a known partial gene sequence. Phenothrin-susceptible and -resistant head louse colonies from Japanese were individually analyzed for point mutations of the sodium channel cDNA; susceptible head and body lice differed in double homozygous synonymous substitutions. The resistant head lice shared 23 base substitutions homozygously, in which four resulted in amino acid substitutions: D11E in the N-terminal inner-membrane segment; M850T in the outer-membrane loop between segments four and five of domain II; T952I and L955 F in the trans-membrane segment five of domain II. The latter two substitutions coincided with those of pyrethroid-resistant head lice in the U.S. and U.K. (Lee et al. 2000), within the available published information on the peptide sequences. The potential mechanisms of head louse pyrethroid-resistance are discussed based on the four structural changes of the target molecule.},
	keywords = {Amino Acids, animals, Drug Resistance/genetics, humans, insecticide, Molecular Sequence Data, Pediculus, polymerase, Pyrethrum, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, RNA, Messenger/genetics, sequence, Sodium Channels/chemistry/genetics},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/44754.pdf},
	author = {Tomita,Takashi and Yaguchi,Noboru and Mihara,Minoru and Takahashi,Masakazu and Agui,Noriaki and Kasai,Shinji}
}
@article {26,
	title = {Molecular Characterization of Two Acetylcholinesterase cDNAs in Pediculus Human Lice},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {72 - 79},
	abstract = {Two cDNA sequences encoding Drosophila Ace-orthologous and -paralogous acetylcholinesterase precursors (AO- and AP-AChE precursors, respectively), were identified from the body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus L. In vitro inhibition studies with an insecticide-susceptible body louse strain exhibited a simplex inhibitory response of AChE. The I50 values of fenitroxon and carbaryl were estimated to be 2.2 and 1.9 μM for the susceptible lice, respectively. The mRNA level of AP-AChE gene was 3.1- and 9.3-fold higher than that of AO-AChE gene in the abdomen and the combined parts of the head and thorax, respectively, suggesting, due to its abundance, the potential significance of the AP-AChE isoform in Pediculus human lice in association with the efficacy of AChE-targeting pediculicides.},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/46717.pdf},
	author = {Lee,Si-Woo and Kasai,Shinji and Komagata,Osamu and Kobayashi,Mutsuo and Agui,Noriaki and Kono,Yoshiaki and Tomita,Takashi}
}
@article {32,
	title = {First Molecular Evidence of Bartonella quintana in Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae), Collected from Nepalese Children},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {110 - 112},
	abstract = {Trench fever is a body louse-borne disease caused by Bartonella quintana Brenner. The recent status of louse infestation in Nepalese children is not well known. We collected head and body lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer and Pediculus humanus humanus L., respectively, from 30 children, including 11 cases of double infestation with both head and body lice. Detection of B. quintana in both louse species identified was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products with B. quintana DNA sequences were detected in both head and body lice from two children as well as in body lice derived from two other children. These results demonstrate that head lice may also play a role in the transmission of trench fever.},
	keywords = {Bartonella, ediculosis, head lice, Nepal, PCR, quintana, trench fever},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/46198.pdf},
	author = {Sasaki,Toshinori and Poudel,Shree Kanta S. and Isawa,Haruhiko and Hayashi,Toshihiko and Seki,Naomi and Tomita,Takashi and Sawabe,Kyoko and Kobayashi,Mutsuo}
}
@article {33,
	title = {First Molecular Evidence of Bartonella quintana in Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae), Collected from Nepalese Children [authors{\textquoteright} reply]},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {788},
	abstract = {Response of authors to published comments by Parola, P., P.-E. Fournier, and D. Raoult. 2006. Bartonella quintana, lice, and molecular tools. J. Med. Entomol. 43:787.
Poudel,},
	keywords = {Bartonella, ediculosis, head lice, Nepal, PCR, quintana, reply, trench fever},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/46606.pdf},
	author = {Sasaki,Toshinori and Poudel,Shree Kanta S. and Isawa,Haruhiko and Hayashi,Toshihiko and Seki,Naomi and Tomita,Takashi and Sawabe,Kyoko and Kobayashi,Mutsuo}
}
