@article {114,
	title = {Antihemostatic activity in salivary glands of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus (Anoplura: Pediculidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {1083 - 1087},
	abstract = {A thrombin inhibitor, factor Xa inhibitor and apyrase activity were demonstrated in the salivary glands of Pediculus humanus humanus, Less than 0.15 mu g of salivary gland extracts (SGE), which is equivalent to approximately 0.15 lice salivary glands, caused 50\% inhibition of thrombin activity, while 1 mu l of SGE was sufficient to double thrombin time using rat plasma, A single peak of thrombin inhibitor was eluted from the Mono Q column at a fraction corresponding to a protein with Mol, Wt. of about 7 kDa, The thrombin inhibitor was partially purified from the SGE by gel filtration chromatography and FPLC chromatography, and a single sharp peak of thrombin inhibitory activity was eluted, The results obtained from the FXa activity assay indicate the presence of a weak inhibitory activity against this coagulation factor in the salivary gland, The amount of SGE needed for FXa inhibition (IC50) was 500 times higher than that required for thrombin inhibition, Apyrase activity was also detected in the SGE using ADP as a substrate, These results indicate the presence of both anticoagulant and anti-platelet agents in the salivary gland of the human louse. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd},
	keywords = {apyrase, glands, hirudin, pdf, pediculosis, Pediculus humanus, salivary, thrombin, thrombolysis, tick},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/38617.pdf},
	author = {Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Galun,Rachel and Kaminchik,Y. and Panet,A. and Levanon,A.}
}
@article {115,
	title = {Back again: The clothes louse (Pediculus humanus) var. corporis)},
	journal = {Nederlander Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde},
	volume = {140},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {1912 - 1915},
	author = {Laan,J. R. and Smit,R. B.}
}
@article {116,
	title = {Characterization of body louse midgut proteins recognized by resistant hosts},
	journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {35 - 38},
	abstract = {The human body louse, Pediculus humanus, showed eighteen midgut proteins ranging between 12 and 117 kDa, when analysed by SDS- PAGE electrophoresis. Seven of them (12 kDa, 17 kDa, 29 kDa, 35 kDa, 40 kDa, 55 kDa and 97 kDa) were major bands based on their intensity of staining. The immunization of rabbits with a midgut extract elicited the production of protective polyclonal antibodies. These antibodies reacted strongly with all major midgut proteins as well as with 63 kDa and 117 kDa proteins when tested by the Western blot technique. The analysis of the proteins revealed that the 12 kDa, 25 kDa, 29 kDa, 35 kDa, 45 kDa, 87 kDa and 97 kDa proteins are glycosylated and none of them contained a lipid moiety. By electroelution, the proteins of 35 kda and 63 kDa were purified. On trypsinization, the proteins of 35 kDa and 63 kDa produced four major fragments (F- 1, F-2, F-3, and F-4) when resolved on a 18\% SDS-PAGE. The F-1 fragment of the 35 kDa protein reacted with the polyclonal antibodies by the immunoblot technique.},
	keywords = {adult, antigens, arthropod, body, Boophilus, cattle, control, human, immunization, immunogens, immunological, louse, midgut, pdf, Pediculus humanus, protein, ticks, vaccinated, vaccine},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/38618.pdf},
	author = {Ochanda,James O. and Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Ben-Yakir,David and Okuru,J. K. and Oduol,V. O. and Galun,Rachel}
}
@article {117,
	title = {Immunogenic proteins in the body and faecal material of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus, and their homology to antigens of other lice species},
	journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {105 - 107},
	keywords = {blot, body louse, capitis, cattle, goat, Haematopinus, head, human, immunization, immunoaffinity, Linognathus, pdf, pediculosis, Pediculus humanus, stenopsis, Western},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/38615.pdf},
	author = {Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Ben-Yakir,David and Gunzberg,S. and Ochanda,James O. and Galun,Rachel}
}
@article {118,
	title = {Interest and limits of tests to evaluate pediculicides efficacy},
	journal = {Bulletin de L Academie Nationale de Medecine},
	volume = {180},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {1315 - 1324},
	abstract = {The obligation to prove pediculicides efficacy is relatively recent.  Two tests are required by the autorities to obtain registration, In  vitro test (with Pediculus humanus humanus) is the first step to  evaluate the efficacy of new molecules. It must be followed by  bio-clinical tests (with infested children by Pediculus humanus  capitis). For those tests the autors advise to respect the {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}three  units rule{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} : unit of time (no more than 2 days for the test), unit of  place (same environment) and unit of action (only one team to apply and  evaluate products). This type of tests is possible only in countries  with high infestation (at least 60 \% of prevalence). A third test is  consequently advised, the ex vivo test using Pediculus humanus capitis  obtained from infested children in France. This test can be useful also  to re-evaluate current products in the light of increased resistance or  decreased sensitivity of the lice. Finally some other tests can be  advised to prove some other activities like remanence or repellent  properties or to estimate lice resistance.},
	keywords = {drug, drugs, insecticide, lice, pediculosis, resistance},
	author = {Combescot,Charles and Combescot-Lang,Catherine and Nadon,Jacques de and Remy-Kristensen,Arlette and Richard-Lenoble,Dominique}
}
@article {119,
	title = {Localization of immunogenic antigens on midgut of the human body louse Pediculus humanus humanus (Anoplura: Pediculidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {74 - 77},
	abstract = {Immunogenic midgut antigens of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus L., were localized using rabbit antisera against a louse-midgut extract followed by a end antibody conjugated to either fluorescein or colloidal gold. Strong fluorescence was observed on the outer membrane of the epithelial cell of the midgut. The immunogold technique revealed that most of the antigens were localized on the microvilli of the midgut cells. Small numbers of gold particles were also seen in the gut lumen and within the cell cytoplasm. Only a few gold particles were seen in the lumen of the gut sections incubated with control sera.},
	keywords = {antigen, arthropod, Boophilus, immunization, immunofluorescence, labeling, localization, pdf, Pediculus humanus, ticks},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/38616.pdf},
	author = {Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Rahamim,Ezra and Ben-Yakir,David and Ochanda,James O. and Galun,Rachel}
}
@article {120,
	title = {Model for the control of Pediculus humanus capitis},
	journal = {Public Health},
	volume = {110},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {283 - 288},
	abstract = {This study outlines a strategy for the control of head lice infestation in school children; supported by up to date epidemiological data collected over an 8 year period illustrating the benefits of such a strategy.},
	keywords = {capitis, children, head, humanus, infestation, lice, notification, Pediculus, school, treatment},
	author = {Vermaak,Z.}
}
@article {121,
	title = {Repellency of essential oils and their components to the human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus},
	journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata},
	volume = {78},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {309 - 314},
	abstract = {Five essential oils and nine of their components were compared to diethyl toluamide (DEET) for their repellent activity against the human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus. The absolute or intrinsic repellency of the compounds was tested by applying the repellent to corduroy patches and comparing them with untreated patches. It was found that the most effective repellents were DEET and citronella, whose activity lasted at least 29 days. The activity of rosemary lasted at least 18 days and that of eucalyptus more than 8 days. The repellent activity of the oil components such as citronellal and geraniol lasted more than 15 and 8 days, respectively. DEET remained effective at a dilution of 1:32, geraniol at 1:8, citronella at 1:4 and rosemary and citronellal at 1:1. The comparative or standard repellency of the candidate repellents was examined with the aid of a new screening technique using hairs treated with ammonium bicarbonate which is attractive to lice. Using this technique it could be shown that the repellent activity of citronella and geraniol lasted 2 days and that of rosemary and citronellal for only one day. DEET was active for less than one day. Serial dilutions of these substances also revealed that citronella was the most potent repellent for lice, followed by citronellal, rosemary, geraniol and DEET. The differences however, were not significant.},
	keywords = {Anoplura, body louse, human, oils, pdf, Pediculidae, pediculosis, Pediculus humanus, repellent},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/38614.pdf},
	author = {Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Galun,Rachel and Bach,Uri and Miller,Jacqueline and Magdassi,Shlomo}
}
