@article {350,
	title = {Two new pre-columbian records of the American head louse, Pediculus humanus americanus},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Helminth Society of Washington},
	volume = {2/2},
	year = {1935},
	note = {Found in remains of an Eskimo in Alaska and an Indian mummy in Texas.},
	month = {1935},
	pages = {67 - 68},
	keywords = {fossil, mummy, Pediculus humanus capitis, phylogeny, Troester},
	author = {Ewing,Henry Ellsworth}
}
@article {351,
	title = {Contribution to the entomology of Yucatan},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Carnegie Institution of Washington},
	volume = {431},
	year = {1933},
	note = {1119},
	month = {1933},
	pages = {547, 573},
	keywords = {Pediculus humanus humanus, phylogeny, South America, Systematik., Troester},
	author = {Bequaert,Joseph Charles}
}
@article {251,
	title = {Disease in ancient Nubia},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {163},
	year = {1969},
	note = {732},
	month = {1969},
	pages = {255 - 259},
	keywords = {Bericht {\"u}ber Funde von Menschenresten aus Wadi Halfa (Republik Sudan)., Gert, history, Pediculus humanus capitis, phylogeny, Primates, weird},
	author = {Armelagos,George,J.}
}
@article {207,
	title = {The coprolites of man},
	journal = {Scientific American},
	volume = {232},
	year = {1975},
	note = {1279},
	month = {1975},
	pages = {100 - 109},
	keywords = {Nordamerika, Pediculus humanus, phylogeny, Troester, weird},
	author = {Bryant,Vaughn M.,Jr. and Williams-Dean,Glenna}
}
@conference {217,
	title = {The lice of primates},
	booktitle = {Third International Congress of Parasitology},
	volume = {M{\"u}nich},
	year = {1974},
	note = {Ablage 1050},
	month = {1974},
	pages = {Section C3 (1)},
	keywords = {Docophthirus, Lemurpediculus, Lemurphthirus, parasitophyletic, Pedicinus, Pediculus humanus mjoebergi, Phthirpediculus, phylogeny, Primates, Pthirus gorillae, Sathrax, Troester, Wirtsspezifit{\"a}t, Wirtswechsel},
	author = {Ludwig,Herbert Wolfgang}
}
@article {218,
	title = {The role of coprolite analysis in Archeology},
	journal = {Bulletin of Texas Archeology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1974},
	note = {Reste von L{\"a}usen und Nissen in 3000 Jahre alten Koproliten aus Utah.},
	month = {1974},
	pages = {1 - 28},
	keywords = {fossil, methods, north america, Pediculus humanus, phylogeny, Troester, Utah, weird},
	author = {Bryant,Vaughn M.,Jr.}
}
@article {163,
	title = {Head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) from mummified corpses of Greenlanders, about A.D. 1460},
	journal = {Acta Entomologica Fennica},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1983},
	note = {1734},
	month = {1983},
	pages = {24 - 27},
	keywords = {history, Pediculus humanus capitis, phylogeny, Troester, weird},
	author = {Bresciani,J. and Haarl{\o}v,N. and Nansen,P. and Moller,G.}
}
@article {99,
	title = {The body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases},
	journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {888 - 911},
	abstract = {The body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus, is a strict human parasite, living and multiplying in clothing. Louse infestation is associated with cold weather and a lack of hygiene. Three pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by the body louse. Borrelia recurrentis is a spirochete, the agent of relapsing fever, recently cultured on axenic medium. Historically, massive outbreaks have occurred in Eurasia and Africa, but currently the disease is found only in Ethiopia and neighboring countries. Bartonella quintana is now recognized as an agent of bacillary angiomatosis bacteremia, trench fever, endocarditis, and chronic lymphadenopathy among the homeless. Rickettsia prowazekii is the agent of epidemic typhus. The most recent outbreak (and the largest since World War II) was observed in Burundi. A small outbreak was also reported in Russia in 1997. Louse infestation appears to become more prevalent worldwide, associated with a decline in social and hygienic conditions provoked by civil unrest and economic instability.},
	keywords = {animals, classification, humans, Insect vectors, insecticide, lice, microbiology, phylogeny, physiology, Relapsing Fever, trench fever, typhus},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/45048.pdf},
	author = {Raoult,Didier and Roux,Veronique}
}
@article {70,
	title = {The geographical segregation of human lice preceded that of Pediculus humanus capitis and Pediculus humanus humanus},
	journal = {Comptes Rendus Biologies},
	volume = {326},
	year = {2003},
	note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 101140040; 0 (DNA Primers); 0 (Peptide Elongation Factor 1); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 18S); ppublish},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {565 - 574},
	address = {France},
	abstract = {In order to investigate human-louse phylogeny, we partially sequenced two nuclear (18S rRNA and EF-1 alpha) and one mitochondrial (COI) genes from 155 Pediculus from different geographical origins. The phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA and EF-1 alpha sequences showed that human lice were classified into lice from Sub-Saharan Africa and lice from other areas. In both clusters, head and body lice were clearly grouped into two separate clusters. Our results indicate that the earliest divergence within human pediculidae occurred between African lice and other lice, and the divergence between head and body lice was not the result from a single event.},
	keywords = {animals, Base Sequence, dna, geography, humans, Pediculus, phylogeny, polymerase, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics},
	isbn = {1631-0691},
	url = {http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45968.pdf},
	author = {Yong,Z. and Fournier,P. E. and Rydkina,E. and Raoult,Didier}
}
@article {85,
	title = {Intragenomic variation in ITS2 rDNA in the louse of humans, Pediculus humanus: ITS2 is not a suitable marker for population studies in this species},
	journal = {Insect Molecular Biology},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {651 - 657},
	abstract = {The two internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA are often used as markers of populations of insects. We studied the ITS2 of the head lice and body lice of humans, to determine whether this gene is a suitable marker of populations of these insects. ITS2 sequences were amplified by PCR from lice from four different countries: Australia, China, Japan and the USA. Direct cycle-sequencing of some of these PCR products gave equivocal nucleotide chromatograms. This indicated that some lice had more than one ITS2 sequence, so we cloned PCR products from these lice. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) revealed that 50 of the 67 clones we screened had different nucleotide sequences. All lice had several ITS2 types, including those with unequivocal chromatograms. A phylogenetic tree of 15 different ITS2 sequences showed that the sequences from individual lice were not monophyletic. We conclude that the ITS2 is not a useful marker of populations for Pediculus humanus.},
	keywords = {animals, Australia, Base Sequence, China, dna, geography, humans, Introns, Japan, Lice Infestations/parasitology, Molecular Sequence Data, Pediculus, phylogeny, polymerase, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, sequence, U.S.A., variation},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/44841.pdf},
	author = {Leo,Natalie P. and Barker,Stephen C.}
}
