@article {380,
	title = {Die L{\"a}use. A tetvek},
	journal = {Rovart. Lapok.},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1904},
	note = {375},
	month = {1904},
	pages = {177 - 184},
	keywords = {Artiodactyla, asini, Europe, geography, Haematopinus, Haematopinus suis, Haemodipsus lyriocephalus, Lagomorpha, Linognathus setosus, Pediculus, Pediculus humanus humanus, Perissodactyla, polyplax serrata, Primates, Pthirus pubis, rodentia, stenopsis, Troester},
	author = {Cziki,Ern{\"o}}
}
@article {329,
	title = {The rearing and maintance of a laboratory colony of the body louse},
	journal = {American Journal of Tropical Medicine},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1944},
	note = {(p 329: 30000 - 40000 L{\"a}use werden gleichzeitig auf dem R{\"u}cken eines Menschen gef{\"u}ttert; "Two subjects (Versuchspersonen) have been observed sleeping soundly during the process of feeding the lice".},
	month = {1944},
	pages = {327 - 329},
	keywords = {culture, method, Pediculus humanus humanus, rearing, Troester, weird},
	author = {Culpepper,G. H.}
}
@article {333,
	title = {Nota sobre el papel de algunos arthr{\'o}pdos en la transmisi{\'o}n de Onchocerca volvulus},
	journal = {Mex. Inst. de Salub. y Enferm. Trop. Rev.},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1941},
	note = {Various arthropods were applied to Onchocerca infected individuals and then dissected. Of 149 specimens of Pediculus humanus corporis and 23 of Pediculus humanus capitis only 3 had microfilariae.},
	month = {1941},
	pages = {365 - 373},
	keywords = {microfilariae, Onchocerca, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus humanus, Troester},
	author = {Vargas,L.}
}
@article {345,
	title = {Lice from foreign mammals in Danish collections},
	journal = {Entomologiske Meddelelser},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1937},
	note = {c; 046},
	month = {1937},
	pages = {20 - 21},
	keywords = {Antarctophthirus, Haematopinus suis, leptocephalus, Pedicinus eurygaster, Pediculus humanus humanus, Polyplax, Prolinognathus, Troester},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/5873.pdf},
	author = {Maltbaek,J.}
}
@article {351,
	title = {Contribution to the entomology of Yucatan},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Carnegie Institution of Washington},
	volume = {431},
	year = {1933},
	note = {1119},
	month = {1933},
	pages = {547, 573},
	keywords = {Pediculus humanus humanus, phylogeny, South America, Systematik., Troester},
	author = {Bequaert,Joseph Charles}
}
@article {352,
	title = {The influence of atmospheric humidity on the thermal death point of a number of insects},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1932},
	note = {260},
	month = {1932},
	keywords = {ecology, Feuchtigk.), Pediculus humanus humanus, physiology, Troester},
	author = {Mellanby,K.}
}
@article {304,
	title = {The correct names of the body and head lice of man},
	journal = {Entomologist},
	volume = {85},
	year = {1952},
	note = {404},
	month = {1952},
	pages = {90 - 91},
	keywords = {Nomenklatur, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus humanus, Primates, Troester},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/5554.pdf},
	author = {Hopkins,George Henry Evans}
}
@article {271,
	title = {Second survey of insecticide-resistance in body lice, 1958-63},
	journal = {Bulletin of the World Health Organization},
	volume = {33},
	year = {1965},
	note = {"Between 1953 and 1956 the WHO carried out a global survey of the susceptibility of body-lice to insecticides. A second survey was organized in 1958; this paper summarizes the results of susceptibility tests done in 22 countries over the period 1958-63. Resistance to DDT has been found in a number of countries. The LC(100) for resistant body-lice has been found to be over 5\% DDT; the LC(100) for hybrids to be between 1\% and 5\% DDT; and the LC(50) for susceptible genotypes has been estimated to be less than 0; 04 \% DDT. Body-lice continue to be susceptible to gamma-HCH and pyrethrins in most countries; although they show increased tolerance to gamma-HCH in Egypt. Their susceptibility to malathion in various localities in Egypt has been assessed; and the LC(50) found to range from 0; 02\% to 0; 032\%."},
	month = {1965},
	pages = {485 - 501},
	keywords = {Pediculus humanus humanus, resistance, survey, Troester},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/41719.pdf},
	author = {Wright,J. W. and Pal,R.}
}
@article {272,
	title = {Determination of resistance by dipping lice in acetone solutions},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Entomology},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1964},
	note = {783},
	month = {1964},
	pages = {296},
	keywords = {control, Pediculus humanus humanus, Troester},
	author = {Clark,Philip H. and Cole,M. M.}
}
@article {274,
	title = {Estudio de campo sobre la efectividad del D.D.T. en el piojo, Pediculus humanus var. corporis},
	journal = {Boletin Epidemiol.},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1964},
	note = {762},
	month = {1964},
	pages = {11},
	keywords = {control, ecology, Pediculus, Pediculus humanus humanus, Troester},
	author = {Olivera-Toro,Rafael}
}
@article {275,
	title = {Infection of the body louse with Pasteurella pseudotuberculatus after intrarectal inoculation},
	journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases (Chicago, IL)},
	volume = {114},
	year = {1964},
	note = {1005},
	month = {1964},
	pages = {379 - 385},
	keywords = {Med. Bedeutung (Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis)., Pediculus humanus humanus, Troester},
	author = {Krynski,Stefan and Becla,E.}
}
@article {278,
	title = {Novye preparaty dlya bor{\textquoteleft} by pedikulezom},
	journal = {Trans. Tsentr. Nauch. Issled. Dezinfekts. Inst.},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1963},
	note = {766},
	month = {1963},
	pages = {184 - 189},
	keywords = {control, Pediculus humanus humanus, Troester},
	author = {Larionova,V. D.}
}
@article {221,
	title = {Antibody and antibiotic action on Rickettsia prowazeki in body lice across the host-vector interface, with observations on strain virulence and retrieval mechanisms},
	journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
	volume = {98},
	year = {1973},
	note = {1209},
	month = {1973},
	pages = {262 - 282},
	abstract = {Using a membrane feeding technique to administer known quantities of rickettsiae,antibodies and antibiotics, the influence of a series of variables in the host-vector-agent interaction on the replication of Rickettsia prowcizeki
in the human body louse was examined. Rickettsial replication
and louse death patterns were indistinguishable whether the lice were
infected with the virulent Breini or the attenuated E strain. Ingestion
of blood containing clinically attainable levels of doxycycline or ritampin
inhibited rickettsial growth in lice and delayed their death from infection.
However, 4 days of "treatment" with either antibiotic failed to
eradicate the rickettsiae from the lice and, after a delay, peak rickettsial
populations equalled those of untreated controls. Antibodies in
serum from a person solidly immune to typhus had no influence at any
stage on the rickettsial infection in the louse. The rickettsiae excreted
by such lice had detectable amounts of immunoglobulins on their surface.
Regardless of strain virulence for man, or the presence or absence
of antirickettsial antibodies or of prior exposure to antibiotics, the rickettsiae
attained a peak population of 1-2 X 108 organisms per louse.
Some of the conclusions drawn from these studies and bearing on the
epidemiology and control of typhus are as follows: 1) Body lice do not
appear to discriminate between rickettsial strains of high and low
virulence for {\textquoteright}man and, in nature, might be capable of transmitting
strains of low virulence it available in the blood. 2) Effective antibiotic
therapy does not eradicate the rickettsiae from infected lice feeding
upon treated patients. The prolonged survival of "treated" infected lice increases the opportunity for typhus transmission and enhances the possibility for the selection of antibiotic resistant rickettsiae. The importance, therefore, of effective louse control measures concurrent with antibiotic therapy is emphasized. 3) If rickettsiae are present in sufficient numbers in the blood of immune or partially immune individuals,
lice should be able to (a) retrieve them, (b) provide a favorable environment
for their massive replication and (c) reintroduce them into the transmission sequence.},
	keywords = {antibiotics, antibody, body lice, doxycyline, immunity, Pediculus humanus humanus, Rickettsia prowazeki, rifampin, typhus},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/40298.pdf},
	author = {Boese,J. L. and Wisseman,Charles L., Jr. and Walsch,W. T. and Fiset,P.}
}
@conference {222,
	title = {Arthropod ectoparasites of Man},
	volume = {The changing Flora and Fauna of BritainLeicester.},
	year = {1973},
	note = {$\#$1385},
	month = {1973},
	pages = {393 - 397},
	keywords = {capitis, control, Medizinische Bedeutung., Pediculus humanus humanus, Pthirus pubis, Troester},
	author = {Mellanby,K.}
}
@inbook {228,
	title = {Lethal effects of juvenile hormone-like substance on human body lice},
	booktitle = {International Symposium on the Control of Lice and Louse-borne diseases},
	volume = {263},
	year = {1973},
	note = {December 4-6, 1972},
	month = {1973},
	pages = {238 - 241},
	publisher = {Pan American Health Organization},
	organization = {Pan American Health Organization},
	keywords = {control, Pediculus humanus humanus, Troester},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/41583.pdf},
	author = {Vinson,J. William},
	editor = {Horwitz,Abraham}
}
@article {238,
	title = {Speed of toxic action of certain insecticides against body lice},
	journal = {Labdey J. Sci. Technol.},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1972},
	note = {1112},
	month = {1972},
	pages = {25 - 26},
	keywords = {control, Pediculus humanus humanus, Troester},
	author = {Malhotra,P. R. and Wal,Y. C. and Perti,S. L.}
}
@article {240,
	title = {Further notes on the susceptibility of body lice, Pediculus humanus humanus to insecticides in Egypt},
	journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1971},
	note = {931},
	month = {1971},
	pages = {284 - 288},
	keywords = {control, DDT, Pediculus humanus humanus, resistance, Troester},
	author = {Mahdi,A. H. and Kamel,Osman M.}
}
@article {243,
	title = {Susceptibility of Pediculus humanus capitis and Pediculus humanus corporis to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in Lybia},
	journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Entomologie},
	volume = {69},
	year = {1971},
	note = {938},
	month = {1971},
	pages = {227 - 233},
	keywords = {control, noch keine gegen gamma-BHC in Libyen., Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus humanus, resistance, Troester},
	author = {Shalaby,A. M.}
}
@article {244,
	title = {Understanding and treating infestations of lice on humans},
	journal = {California Vector News},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1971},
	note = {940},
	month = {1971},
	pages = {23 - 31},
	keywords = {control, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus humanus, Pthirus pubis, Troester},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/40846.pdf},
	author = {Keh,Benjamin and Poorbaugh,J. H.}
}
@article {126,
	title = {Immunization of rabbits with a midgut extract of the human body louse Pediculus humanus humanus - the effect of induced resistance on the louse population},
	journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {114 - 118},
	abstract = {Resistance to human body lice, Pediculus humanus humanus L, induced by feeding on rabbits immunized with an extract of louse gut was studied. The mortality of lice fed on immunized rabbits was 73\%, significantly higher than that of lice fed on control rabbits (52\%) (P < 0.01). The proportion of dead nymphs and female lice with ruptured guts was significantly higher in lice fed on immunized rabbits (P < 0.01). The size of the bloodmeal was 35\% greater in female lice fed on control rabbits than on immunized rabbits. Lice fed on immunized rabbits laid 40\% less eggs than those fed on the controls, they also demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of eggs per female over time (P < 0.01). 86\% of the eggs laid by lice fed on immunized animals hatched, compared with 92\% hatching of eggs laid by the lice fed on control animals (P < 0.01). With the exception of the first bloodmeal the percentage of hatched eggs which were laid between any two bloodmeals was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) in the lice fed on immunized rabbits than in the control group. The first nymphal stage of lice fed on immunized rabbits took an average of 5.2 days to moult to the second stage, compared with 4 days for those fed on control rabbits.},
	keywords = {Anoplura, antigens, Boophilus, cattle, Hoplopleuridae, immunization, infestation, microplus, midgut, pdf, Pediculus humanus humanus, Phthiraptera, polyplax serrata, resistance, ticks, vaccination},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/38454.pdf},
	author = {Ben-Yakir,David and Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Manor,Orly and Ochanda,James O. and Galun,Rachel}
}
@article {132,
	title = {Infectivity of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes for the human body louse Pediculus humanus humanus (Anoplura: Pediculidae)},
	journal = {Fundamental and Applied Nematology},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1993},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {489 - 493},
	abstract = {The susceptibility of the human body louse Pediculus humanus humanus ro the entomopathogenic rhabditids is described. Exposure of female lice to infective juveniles (IJs) of Steinernema carpocapsae {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Pye{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} strain and S. glaseri in a Petri-dish assay resulted in high mortality levels (> 85 \%) within 24 h. Among female lice exposed to as of the {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}HP88{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} strain of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 45 \% mortality was recorded after 42 h exposure. Lice exposure to the {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Mexican{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} strain of S. carpocapsae for 42 h resulted in 65 \% mortality. The mortality of the louse females was directly related to increased dosage of S. glaseri IJs. Complete lice mortality was achieved with this nematode at 400 IJs/dish. Exposure of the lice to 800 IJs of H. bacteriophora HP88/dish resulted in 27.5 \% mortality. The highest number of nematodes was recovered from dead lice infected with S. glaseri (7.7 nematodes/louse). Abnormal development was observed among females of S. glaseri. which were shrunken, whereas males developed normally. The lowest number (0.2 nematodes/louse) was recorded in the lice infected with the {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}HP88{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} strain of H. bacteriophora.},
	keywords = {heterhabditidae, Nematoda, pdf, Pediculus humanus humanus, steinernematidae},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/38450.pdf},
	author = {Weiss,Margalit and Glazer,Itamar and Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Elking,Yonatan and Galun,Rachel}
}
@article {138,
	title = {The efficacy of pediculicides in Israel},
	journal = {Israel Journal of Medical Sciences},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1991},
	month = {1991},
	pages = {562 - 565},
	abstract = {Fourteen pediculicides currently available in Israel were evaluated for their killing effect on the eggs, nymphs and adults from a laboratory-grown colony of body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus). The efficacy of all pediculicides was determined after a single treatment. The exposure time of the lice to the preparations was according to the manufacturers{\textquoteright} instructions. The shampoo formulations HAFIF(R) (Abic, Israel), PYRACIDE(R) (Fischer, Israel), A-200 PYRINATE(R) (Norcliff Thayer, USA) and T-PAL(R) (Fischer, Israel) killed 27-78\% of the lice and 7-26\% of the eggs. PRIODERM(R) (Rafa, Israel) shampoo caused 100\% mortality of lice and 13\% mortality of eggs. The gel formulation (A-200 Pyrinate) resulted in 100\% mortality of lice and 42\% mortality of eggs. The liquid formulation (PYRINYL(R), Barre, USA) gave poor results with only 65\% killing of lice and 26\% of the eggs. The spray formulations (KIN-X(R) and KIN-SOFF(R), Milchan, France; and RICIDE(R), Fischer) killed all the lice and 77-95\% of the eggs. Lotion and solution formulations (Hafif; MONOCIDE(R), Fischer; and NOURYL(R), Chefaro, Holland) caused 100\% mortality of lice and 36-85\% mortality of eggs. Mortality with control solutions varied between 4 and 16\% for both lice and eggs.},
	keywords = {body, lice, Pediculus humanus humanus},
	author = {Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Miller,Jacqueline}
}
@article {93,
	title = {Partial purification of the aminopeptidase from the midgut of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus},
	journal = {Physiological Entomology},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2000},
	note = {359BT PHYSIOL ENTOMOL},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {242 - 246},
	keywords = {pdf, pediculosis, Pediculus humanus humanus, physiology},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/37977.pdf},
	author = {Ochanda,James O. and Oduor,Eva A. C. and Galun,Rachel and Imbuga,Mabel O. and Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y.}
}
