@article {180,
	title = {Functional morphology of the midgut in satiated Pediculus humanus corporis (Anoplura)},
	journal = {Parazitologiya},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1981},
	note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0101672; ppublish},
	month = {1981},
	pages = {492 - 497},
	address = {USSR},
	abstract = {It has been shown that during feeding the midgut epithelium of the human louse Pediculus humanus corporis consists of three types of cells: secretory, digestive, and reserve (regenerative) ones. According to the ultrastructural organization the secretory cells are subdivided into two regions--apical and basal. In the apical region of the secretory cells no microvilli are observed. The basal region contains mitochondria, ribosomes, rough endoplasmatic reticulum, microvesicular bodies and secretory granules. Three types of secretion of digestive enzymes (macroapocrine, microapocrine and merocrine ones) were found. The apical surface of the digestive cells is covered with microvilli; the cytoplasm of the digestive cells is filled with lipids and glycogen granules. Cells are lined with a homogeneous basal membrane.},
	keywords = {animals, English Abstract, Intestines/physiology/ultrastructure, Microscopy, Electron, Pediculus},
	isbn = {0031-1847},
	author = {Chaika,S. Iu}
}
@article {196,
	title = {Biology of Pediculus humanus humanus (Linn.) of Weigl strain},
	journal = {Wiadomosci parazytologiczne},
	volume = {23},
	year = {1977},
	note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0420554; ppublish},
	month = {1977},
	pages = {135 - 138},
	address = {POLAND},
	keywords = {animals, English Abstract, Pediculus, Poland},
	isbn = {0043-5163},
	author = {Machel,M.}
}
@article {135,
	title = {Findings of body lice (Pediculus humanus L.) in Czechoslovakia},
	journal = {Ceskoslovenska Epidemiologie, Mikrobiologie, Imunologie},
	volume = {41},
	year = {1992},
	note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 2984708R; ppublish},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {362 - 365},
	address = {CZECHOSLOVAKIA},
	abstract = {The first finding of body lice in Czechoslovakia since year 1945 is demonstrated. The determination of the species is based on the location of the louse on the body of the infested person and on the significant differences in the length of tibia of middle legs in these lice and those collected from the head of children. Local eradication was achieved by using formulation containing permethrin, against head lice.},
	keywords = {adult, animals, Czechoslovakia, English Abstract, humans, Lice Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology, Pediculus},
	isbn = {0009-0522},
	author = {Rupes,V. and Chmela,J. and Kapoun,S.}
}
@article {139,
	title = {The detection of Rickettsia prowazekii in the vectors of louse-born typhus Pediculus humanus by using monoclonal antibody-based preparations},
	journal = {Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii},
	volume = {(8)},
	year = {1990},
	note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0415217; 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial); 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal); 0 (Antigens, Bacterial); 0 (Epitopes); 0 (Immunoglobulin M); ppublish},
	month = {1990},
	pages = {71 - 74},
	address = {USSR},
	abstract = {The results of this investigation indicate that preparations obtained on the basis of monoclonal antibodies have proved to be suitable for the detection of R. prowazekii antigens in the natural carrier of typhus when used in all types of the enzyme immunoassay; of these, the assay made by the capture method has been found to possess the highest sensitivity. The testing of the sensitivity limits has shown that this method known as ELISA-mu-capture, i.e. ELISA carried out with the use of antibodies to the mu chain of human immunoglobulin, is capable of detecting the antigen in a dose of 0.5-1 ng. Preparations based on monoclonal antibodies to species-specific R. prowazekii antigen permit the identification of the causative agent of typhus in its natural carrier within 24 hours.},
	keywords = {animals, Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis, Antibodies, Monoclonal/diagnostic use, Antigens, Bacterial/immunology, Comparative Study, English Abstract, enzyme, immunization, Insect vectors, Pediculus, Rickettsia prowazekii/immunology, Time Factors},
	isbn = {0372-9311},
	author = {Nedialkov,IuA and Drobyshevskaia,E. I. and Klimchuk,N. D. and Nesterenko,V. G. and Tarasevich,Irina V.}
}
@article {145,
	title = {Ultrastructural characteristics of the simple eyes of the louse Pediculus humanus corporis},
	journal = {Parazitologiya},
	volume = {22},
	year = {1988},
	note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0101672; 0 (Retinal Pigments); ppublish},
	month = {1988},
	pages = {230 - 234},
	address = {USSR},
	abstract = {The simple eye of the human louse consists of two apparatuses: dioptric and light sensitive. The dioptric apparatus contains only a biconvex lens, which represents local thickening of the cuticle. The eye lacks the crystal cone (Semper cells) and special pigment cells. The light sensitive part of the eye contains about 130 photoreceptor cells. Each photoreceptor has rhabdomere which consists of numerous microvilli. The pigment granules are located only in the photoreceptor cells.},
	keywords = {animals, English Abstract, Lens, Crystalline/ultrastructure, Microscopy, Electron/methods, Pediculus},
	isbn = {0031-1847},
	author = {Chaika,S. Iu and Mazokhin-Porshniakov,G. A.}
}
@article {154,
	title = {Micromorphology of the malpighian tubules in the louse Pediculus humanus corporis (Anoplura)},
	journal = {Nauchnye doklady vysshei shkoly. Biologicheskie nauki},
	volume = {(2)},
	year = {1985},
	note = {LR: 20031114; JID: 0020417; ppublish},
	month = {1985},
	pages = {51 - 55},
	address = {USSR},
	abstract = {The ultrastructure of the Malpighian tubes in human louse Pediculus humanus corporis has been studied. The cells of the Malpighian tubules have the uniform structure: the apical surface is covered with microvilli, the basal plasmatic membrana forms relatively small invaginations. The microvilli are most developed in cells of the proximal department of the Malpighian tubules. Microvilli of the apical surface of the cells do not contain mitochondria which are localized mainly in supranuclear part of the cell. Cells are lined with a homogenous basal membrane.},
	keywords = {animals, English Abstract, Malpighian Tubules, Microscopy, Electron, Pediculus},
	isbn = {0470-4606},
	author = {Chaika,S. Iu}
}
@article {100,
	title = {Epidemic typhus in Africa},
	journal = {Medecine Tropicale},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 8710146; RF: 91; ppublish},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {181 - 192},
	address = {FRANCE},
	abstract = {Epidemic typhus is caused by a small strictly intracellular virus named Rickettsia prowazekii, a member of the Rickettsial family. It is transmitted to man by the body louse, Pediculus humanus. Although now rare in Western countries, exanthematic typhus remains common in the Southern hemisphere due to poverty, inadequate clothing hygiene, and poor socioeconomic conditions. In Africa, outbreaks have historically occurred in Burundi, Rwanda, southwest Ouganda, and Ethiopia. The largest outbreak of epidemic typhus since the World War II was reported in Burundi where ongoing civil war since October 1993 has forced 10 p. 100 of the population of Burundi to live in cold, promiscuity, and malnutrition of makeshift refugee camps. The purpose of this report based on our two-year experience working with this unfortunate population is to describe the characteristics of this disease in Africa where the epidemic form had become rare until recently. Indeed political unrest as well as numerous civil wars are now epidmiological factors favorizing outbreaks of epidemic typhus at any time. This overview also provides an opportunity to recall epidemiological, bacteriological, and clinical aspects of typhus as well as diagnosis and treatment of the disease in the context of Africa.},
	keywords = {Africa, animals, Burundi, Diagnosis, Differential, Disease Outbreaks/statistics \& numerical data, English Abstract, humans, Insect vectors, Lice/microbiology, populations, risk factors, typhus, war},
	isbn = {0025-682X},
	author = {Ndihokubwayo,J. B. and Raoult,Didier}
}
@article {107,
	title = {Infestation by Pediculus humanus (Anoplura: Pediculidae) in a metropolitan area of southeast Brazil},
	journal = {Revista de Saude Publica},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {77 - 81},
	abstract = {Adults, nymphs and nits of the Pediculus humanus were found in a frame-house infesting the clothes and bedding of three inhabitants in a shanty town in S. Paulo county, S. Paulo State. A total of 198 nits were found glued in 15.0 cm2 of fibres of the infested clothing, giving a ratio of 13.2 nits/cm2. Having in view that the precarious living conditions, promiscuity, absence of basic sanitation and negligence of the sanitary authorities in various Brazilian cities, this situation should not be underestimated. This find should be more frequent than an isolated observation.},
	keywords = {adolescent, animals, Beds/parasitology, Brazil, child, Clothing, English Abstract, humans, Lice Infestations/epidemiology, Middle Aged, Pediculus, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/45103.pdf},
	author = {Linardi,Pedro Marcos and Barata,Jos{\'e} Maria Soares and Urbinatti,Paulo Roberto and de Souza,Doralice and Botelho,Jos{\'e} Ramiro and De Maria,M{\'a}rio}
}
@article {113,
	title = {The taxonomy of human head and body lice},
	journal = {Meditsinskaia parazitologiia i parazitarnye bolezni},
	volume = {(2)},
	year = {1997},
	note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 0376635; RF: 26; ppublish},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {38 - 40},
	address = {RUSSIA},
	abstract = {The paper considers the systematic points and nomenclature of the genus Pediculus lice. On the basis of some biological and environmental features, it provides evidence for species-specific independence of head and body lice. The morphological identity and reproductive insulating property allow one to subsume them under the heading of double species. In accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the names of Pediculus humanus L., 1758, and Pediculus corporis De Geer, 1778, are proposed for head and body lice, respectively.},
	keywords = {animals, English Abstract, humans, Pediculus, terminology},
	isbn = {0025-8326},
	author = {Chirov,P. A. and Ozerova,R. A.}
}
@article {67,
	title = {Prevalence and parasitism intensity by Pediculus humanus capitis in six to eleven-year-old schoolchildren},
	journal = {Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2004},
	note = {JID: 7507456; ppublish},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {499 - 501},
	address = {Brazil},
	abstract = {The aim of this work was to determine head lice parasitism intensity by Pediculus humanus capitis and its variation, according to both gender and age in 181 school children of a primary school. The intensity was higher among 6 to 8-year-old girls. Pediculosis intensity diminishes significantly between 9 and 11 years of age in both sexes.},
	keywords = {Age Distribution, animals, Argentina, child, English Abstract, humans, Lice Infestations/diagnosis/epidemiology/parasitology, Pediculus, prevalence, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Rural Population, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors},
	isbn = {0037-8682},
	author = {Catal{\'a},Silvia S. and Carrizo,L. and Cordoba,M. and Khairallah,R. and Moschella,F. and Bocca,J. N. and Calvo,A. N. and Torres,J. and Tutino,R.}
}
@article {80,
	title = {Prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation in school children at Despenaderos, Cordoba Province},
	journal = {Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas de la Universidad Nac. de Cordoba},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2003},
	note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 8303003; ppublish},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {43 - 53},
	address = {Argentina},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Approximately 80\% of Argentine children have pediculosis, making it imperious to detect the defects in the prevention and control actions for this parasitosis. OBJECTIVES: To study the infestation level by P. h. capitis, its temporal variation, and the association between infestation and host characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A monthly census in children of 6-8 years old from 2 primary schools (state and private) was carried out, recording the parasite stages found, children characteristics (sex, colour and length of hair), and infestation level. Data were analysed by means of contingency tables, difference of proportions, quotient of chances, and rank correlation coefficient. The independence of variables was analysed by c{\textquoteright} test. RESULTS: The prevalence and chances of becoming infested were higher at the state school, where also all infestation levels were recorded, which did not occur at the private institute. The frequency of children infested was significantly lower when they had short hair. The correlation among infestation degree and hair length (short-long) was only significant for boys. Pediculosis cases were recorded at the beginning of the school year in both educative institutions, which demonstrated that infestation was acquired not only at school but also at home. CONCLUSIONS: Pediculosis is a social problems and the whole community must participate in preventive and control actions, for which sanitary education is essential, and the myth that the school is the only place of contagion must be eradicated.},
	keywords = {animals, Argentina, child, English Abstract, humans, Lice Infestations/epidemiology, Pediculus, prevalence, risk factors, scalp dermatoses, Seasons, Severity of Illness Index, Socioeconomic Factors},
	isbn = {0014-6722},
	author = {Ramirez,A. and Luduena Almeida,F. F. and Almiron,W. R.}
}
