@article {126,
	title = {Immunization of rabbits with a midgut extract of the human body louse Pediculus humanus humanus - the effect of induced resistance on the louse population},
	journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {114 - 118},
	abstract = {Resistance to human body lice, Pediculus humanus humanus L, induced by feeding on rabbits immunized with an extract of louse gut was studied. The mortality of lice fed on immunized rabbits was 73\%, significantly higher than that of lice fed on control rabbits (52\%) (P < 0.01). The proportion of dead nymphs and female lice with ruptured guts was significantly higher in lice fed on immunized rabbits (P < 0.01). The size of the bloodmeal was 35\% greater in female lice fed on control rabbits than on immunized rabbits. Lice fed on immunized rabbits laid 40\% less eggs than those fed on the controls, they also demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of eggs per female over time (P < 0.01). 86\% of the eggs laid by lice fed on immunized animals hatched, compared with 92\% hatching of eggs laid by the lice fed on control animals (P < 0.01). With the exception of the first bloodmeal the percentage of hatched eggs which were laid between any two bloodmeals was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) in the lice fed on immunized rabbits than in the control group. The first nymphal stage of lice fed on immunized rabbits took an average of 5.2 days to moult to the second stage, compared with 4 days for those fed on control rabbits.},
	keywords = {Anoplura, antigens, Boophilus, cattle, Hoplopleuridae, immunization, infestation, microplus, midgut, pdf, Pediculus humanus humanus, Phthiraptera, polyplax serrata, resistance, ticks, vaccination},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/38454.pdf},
	author = {Ben-Yakir,David and Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Manor,Orly and Ochanda,James O. and Galun,Rachel}
}
@article {127,
	title = {Investigation of Pediculus humanus capitis in primary and middle school students in Karsiyaha-Izmir: comparison with the results obtained two years ago},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {485 - 491},
	keywords = {pediculosis, school, Turkey},
	author = {Ilhan,F. and Budak,S.}
}
@article {128,
	title = {The prevalence of head lice [pediculus humanus capitis] among primary school pupils in Baghdad city},
	journal = {Journal of the Faculty of Medicine, Baghdad},
	volume = {36},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {665 - 670},
	abstract = {Of 1000 pupils examined by visual inspection for head lice in four large primary schools of contrasting socioeconomic environment in Baghdad, 12,2\% were found to be infested, with infestation rates being higher in the schools of lower socioeconomic status. Over all, girls appeared to have a significant higher infestation rates than boys [54.8\% vs 3l.8\%], Younger pupils [6-8yr] had significantly lower infestation rate [33.8\%] than older ones [49\%]. Communal use of toilet facilities has been found to be in the epidemiology of the head lice. The human head louse, Pediculus hiumanus capitis, persists as a widespread and an important ectoparasite of man it affects all races, and social classes of the mane apart from transmitting diseases. Lice often cause considerable inconvenience to their hosts. Physical irritation due to their bites may distract attention. Children have a long time been known to act as reservoirs of infestation as shown by the fact that almost all the information available on this parasite has come from school surveys. This survey seeks to estimate the prevalence of infestation in pupils. of four large primary schools of contrasting social status in Baghdad city with the following aims: [1] To determine the infestation levels in these schools. [2] To determine how far the prevalence can be correlated with Socioeconomic background, sex and age.},
	author = {Al-Kubiassy,Waqar A. and Al-Rubae,Mazin G.}
}
@article {129,
	title = {Spread of scabies and Pediculus humanus among the children at Sivas orphanage},
	journal = {Indian pediatrics},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1994},
	note = {LR: 20041117; JID: 2985062R; ppublish},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {210 - 213},
	address = {INDIA},
	keywords = {adolescent, animals, child, humans, India, Lice Infestations/diagnosis/epidemiology/parasitology, Lice/parasitology, scabies},
	isbn = {0019-6061},
	author = {Ozturkcan,S. and Ozcelik,S. and Saygi,G. and Ozcelik,S.}
}
@article {130,
	title = {The tuft organs of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis - cryofixation study of a thermo-hygrosensitive sensillum},
	journal = {Tissue and Cell},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {259 - 275},
	abstract = {The tuft organs of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis, display a complex cuticular apparatus without wall pores, consisting of the cuticular cone. cuticular pocket, and the sensillar peg with 5-6 tuft processes. The cuticular wall of the sensillar peg exhibits several layers of differing electron density tightly surrounding the dendrites. The sensillar peg is innervated by the unbranched dendrites of two receptor cells which do not reach into the tuft processes. A third receptor cell forms a lamellar outer dendritic segment which wraps around the two other dendrites and terminates before reaching the base of the sensory peg. This type of receptor cell is named stratoterminal while for those which end within the cuticular apparatus the term conoterminal is proposed. Five auxiliary cells are associated with each tuft organ. The pore organs display a porous cuticular plate innervated by the branching dendrites of four receptor cells. A fifth receptor cell terminates more proximal and resembles the stratoterminal cell of the tuft organ. From the fine structure it is evident that the tuft organs represent thermo- /hygrosensitive sensilla whereas the pore organs may have an olfactory function.},
	keywords = {Anoplura, antenna, characteristics, corporis, fine structure, humanus, humidity, locusta, migratoria, olfaction, Pediculus, Phthiraptera, sense, sensilla, thermoreceptive, thermoreceptor},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/2832.pdf},
	author = {Steinbrecht,R. A.}
}
@article {125,
	title = {Controlled study of malathion and d-phenothrin lotions for Pediculus humanus var capitis infested schoolchildren},
	journal = {Lancet},
	volume = {344},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {1724 - 1727},
	abstract = {Anecdotal reports have suggested that reduced efficacy of pediculicides against Pediculus humanus capitis could be related to resistance to treatments. Ovicidal and pediculicidal activities of 0.5\% malathion and 0.3\% d-phenothrin lotions were tested in an experimental model of P humanus capitis grown on rabbits to ensure that the two treatments were pharmacologically equipotent. We then did a randomised controlled trial in which the lotions were administered to 193 P humanus capitis-infested schoolchildren (malathion, 95; d-phenothrin, 98). Success rate was defined as the absence of both live lice and viable nits. Before treatment, live lice were collected and subjected to a pediculicidal test. Pharmacological tests showed 100\% killing of the rabbit-grown nits and lice after exposure to both pediculicides. On day 1 of the controlled trial, the success rate was 92\% in the malathion group (95\% CI, 0.86-0.97) and 40\% in the d-phenothrin group (0.30-0.49) (p < 0.0001); on day 7, it was 95\% in the malathion group (0.90-0.99) and 39\% in the d-phenothrin group (0.29-0.48, p < 0.0001). Malathion was also significantly more active in the pediculicidal tests compared to d-phenothrin and control. These results suggest an acquired resistance to d-phenothrin in the schoolchildren tested, since all other conditions of the administration of insecticides were standardised.},
	keywords = {animals, child, Comparative Study, humans, Insecticide Resistance, Lice Infestations/drug therapy, malathion, Pediculus, Pyrethrum, Rabbit, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, scalp dermatoses},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/45219.pdf},
	author = {Chosidow,Olivier and Chastang,C. and Brue,C. and Bouvet,E. and Izri,M. and Monteny,N. and Bastuji-Garin,S. and Rousset,J. J. and Revuz,J.}
}
