@conference {222,
	title = {Arthropod ectoparasites of Man},
	volume = {The changing Flora and Fauna of BritainLeicester.},
	year = {1973},
	note = {$\#$1385},
	month = {1973},
	pages = {393 - 397},
	keywords = {capitis, control, Medizinische Bedeutung., Pediculus humanus humanus, Pthirus pubis, Troester},
	author = {Mellanby,K.}
}
@article {227,
	title = {La infestaci{\'o}n por Pediculus humanus capitis en Santiago de Chili},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1973},
	month = {1973},
	pages = {31},
	keywords = {capitis, Chile, pediculosis},
	author = {Schenone,M. and Falah,F. and Villarroel,F. and Rojas,A. and Sz{\'e}ksly,R. and Rajo,M. and Palomino,H.}
}
@article {190,
	title = {Ecological separation of the human head lice and body lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae)},
	journal = {Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene},
	volume = {72},
	year = {1978},
	note = {INCOMPLETE: Add alternate journal title A brief note re-analysising some of Busvines data published in a paper in 1978 to further support the notion the Pediculus humanus and Pediculus capitis are seperate species.},
	month = {1978},
	pages = {669 - 670},
	keywords = {capitis, ecology, pediculosis},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/1198.pdf},
	author = {Schaefer,Carl W.}
}
@article {204,
	title = {Study on the myceteome of Pediculus humanus capitis},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1976},
	note = {1653},
	month = {1976},
	pages = {32 - 33},
	keywords = {Anoplura, capitis, humanus, Pediculus, physiology, Troester},
	author = {Khan,A.}
}
@article {136,
	title = {Chemotherapy of head louse Pediculus humanus capitis infestation gamma benzene hexachloride (gamma-BHC) among school chldren in Szu-Hu District, Yunlin County, Central West Taiwan},
	journal = {Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei)},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1991},
	month = {1991},
	pages = {13 - 19},
	keywords = {capitis, control, humanus, pediculosis, Pediculus, school},
	author = {Fan,P. C. and , and et al}
}
@article {97,
	title = {Use of topical nicotine for treatment of Pediculus humanus capitis (Anaplura : Pediculidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {170 - 171},
	abstract = {Head lice are caused by the host-specific, ectoparasitic insect Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer and remain a common human infestation. As a response to increasing; resistance of head lice to present insecticidal agents, additional agents must be pursued. Inasmuch as nicotine has been used for controlling poultry lice, an in vitro study assessing its possible usage for human head lice was performed. Nicotine proved not to be an efficient insecticide, although it may facilitate removal of adult lice because it induces muscle twitches that may affect the insect{\textquoteright}s normal grip on hair follicles.},
	keywords = {capitis, clinical, control, head, humanus, lice, nicotine, Pediculus},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/37882.pdf},
	author = {Burkhart,Craig G. and Burkhart,Craig N.}
}
@article {106,
	title = {Infectivity of entomogenous nematodes (Steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) to Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura : Pediculidae)},
	journal = {Fundamental and Applied Nematology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {13 - 16},
	abstract = {The susceptibility of human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis, to three species of Argentinean entomogenous nematodes, Steinernema rara, S. feltiae, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Oliva and Rio Negro strains), was studied. All species and strains, except S. feltiae, killed adult and nymph head lice. None of the species killed the eggs. S. rara and the Rio Negro strain of H. bacteriophora killed both adults and nymphs; on the contrary H. bacteriophora Oliva was more aggressive to adults. Apparently, penetration into the lice body takes place through the spiracles, which means that the body size of the infective juveniles is a limiting factor. This is the first report of parasitism in head lice by entomogenous nematodes.},
	keywords = {capitis, Heterorhabditidae, humanus, nematode, Pediculus, steinernematidae},
	author = {de Doucet,M. M. A. and Miranda,M. B. and Bertolotti,M. A.}
}
@article {117,
	title = {Immunogenic proteins in the body and faecal material of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus, and their homology to antigens of other lice species},
	journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {105 - 107},
	keywords = {blot, body louse, capitis, cattle, goat, Haematopinus, head, human, immunization, immunoaffinity, Linognathus, pdf, pediculosis, Pediculus humanus, stenopsis, Western},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/38615.pdf},
	author = {Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Ben-Yakir,David and Gunzberg,S. and Ochanda,James O. and Galun,Rachel}
}
@article {120,
	title = {Model for the control of Pediculus humanus capitis},
	journal = {Public Health},
	volume = {110},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {283 - 288},
	abstract = {This study outlines a strategy for the control of head lice infestation in school children; supported by up to date epidemiological data collected over an 8 year period illustrating the benefits of such a strategy.},
	keywords = {capitis, children, head, humanus, infestation, lice, notification, Pediculus, school, treatment},
	author = {Vermaak,Z.}
}
@article {123,
	title = {Permethrin resistance in the head louse Pediculus capitis from Israel},
	journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1995},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {427 - 432},
	abstract = {Head lice, Pediculus capitis, were collected from children aged 3-12 years in Maale Adumin, a town near Jerusalem, after reports of control failure with the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin. A total of 1516 children were examined: living lice and eggs were found on 12.1\% of the children; or another 22.8\% of the children only nits were found. Twice as many girls as boys (8.1\% v 4\%) were infested with lice and or nits. Head lice collected from infested children were exposed to permethrin impregnated filter-papers. Log time probit mortality (Itp) regression lines were calculated for mortality data and compared to Itp lines for a similar collection of head lice made in 1989. The regression lines for the two years were significantly different, with a 4-fold decrease in susceptibility at the LT(50) level between 1989 and 1994. The slopes of the lines also suggested that the 1994 population was more heterogenous in its response to permethrin than the 1989 population. In contrast, a laboratory population of body lice (Pediculus humanus) tested with the same batch of permethrin- impregnated papers showed a slight but nonsignificant increase in susceptibility between 1989 and 1994. The results suggest that resistance to pyrethroids has developed rapidly among head lice since permethrin was introduced in 1991 as a pediculicide in Israel.},
	keywords = {body, capitis, children, control, DDT, Diptera, head, humanus, insecticide, Israel, lindane, locus, louse, mechanism, musca domestica l, pdf, pediculosis, Pediculus, Permethrin, Pyrethrum, resistance, rinse, shampoo},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/38552.pdf},
	author = {Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Hemingway,Janet and Miller,Jacqueline and Ioffe-Uspensky,Inna and Klaus,Sidney and Ben-Ishai,Fiameta and Galun,Rachel}
}
@article {78,
	title = {Prevalence and levels of Permethrin resistance in Pediculus humanus capitis DeGeer (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires, Argentina},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {447 - 450},
	abstract = {Permethrin has been used extensively for control of Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer(Anoplura: Pediculidae) in Argentina since 1990, resulting in the development of resistance to this and other pyrethroids. This resistance was {\TH}rst detected in some {\TH}eld populations in 1997. A survey for resistance in Buenos Aires in 2001 revealed signifcant resistance levels in lice on children at 24 of 26 (92.3\%) schools. When compared with a previously unexposed reference population, resistance ratios (RRs) obtained by exposing the insects to {\TH}lter papers impregnated with permethrin ranged from 2 to 60 in 10 (39\%) of the schools. RRs in the remaining 14 (61\%) populations were too great to not be measured with the {\TH}lter paper method (RR   88.7). As an alternative, we used topical applications of 0.1  l of acetone solution of permethrin on the dorsal abdomen of adults and third instars. This topical method, which has not been previously reported for head lice, was capable of quantifying higher levels of resistance. Highly resistant populations had RRs from 162.5 to 655.2. When applied to populations with low and intermediate levels of resistance, results from the {\TH}lter paper and topical application methods were highly correlated, and RRs from topical application were higher than those from the {\TH}lter paper method. Results from the combination of the two methods indicated that head lice among Buenos Aries school children are highly resistant to permethrin, and the resistance is widespread.
},
	keywords = {Argentina, capitis, pediculosis, Pediculus, Permethrin},
	author = {Vassena,Claudia V. and Mougabure-Cueto,Gast{\'o}n A. and Gonz{\'a}lez-Audino,Paola and Alzogaray,R. A. and Zerba,Eduardo Nicol{\'a}s and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s}
}
@article {34,
	title = {The fumigant and repellent activity of aliphatic lactones against Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae)},
	journal = {Mem{\'o}rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz},
	volume = {101},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {55 - 56},
	abstract = {New alternative insecticides are necessary for the chemical control of head lice. In this study the fumigantknockdown time 50\% (KT50) and repellency index (RI) of three aliphatic lactones was compared with two essentialoils and DDVP, against permethrin-resistance Pediculus humanus capitis from Argentina. In the fumigant assay,none of the lactones were effective compared to the highest activity of eucalyptus (KT50 15.53 m). In the repellencytest, the three lactones were equally or more effective (RI ranging from 60.50 to 76.68) than the positive control(piperonal). These lactones are promising as head lice repellents.},
	keywords = {aliphatic, capitis, Lactones, pediculosis, Pediculus, resistance},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/46185.pdf},
	author = {Toloza,Ariel Ceferino and Zygadlo,Julio and Mougabure-Cueto,Gast{\'o}n A. and Zerba,Eduardo Nicol{\'a}s and Faillaci,Silvina and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s}
}
@article {41,
	title = {Survey of Permethrin and Malathion Resistance in Human Head Lice Populations from Denmark},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {533 - 538},
	abstract = {Head lice, Pediculis capitis De Geer, populations were investigated for permethrin and malathion resistance after initial establishment of a discriminating dose of topical application bioassay with body lice, Pediculus humanus L. For both insecticides, ≈2 times the lethal dose (LD)95 at 4 h was selected, 2 ng of permethrin and 100 ng of malathion per head louse, respectively. Head lice were collected from heads of infested children in Denmark at 33 primary schools, one kindergarten, and seven boarding schools. The lice were collected by combing of dry hair, with a fine-toothed antilouse comb attached to a vacuum cleaner. A resistance survey covers head lice collected from 208 of 1,441 persons combed. The frequency of permethrin- and malathion-resistant head lice is high in Danish head lice populations. In 17 of 24 samples tested for permethrin resistance, all head lice survived the discriminating dose. Six samples had between 3 and 25\% dead head lice, whereas one sample had 60\% mortality. In nine of 25 samples tested for malathion resistance, all head lice survived the discriminating dose. Seven samples had <25\% dead head lice, and four samples had a mortality of 50\% or more at the discriminating dose. The connection between permethrin resistance and kdr-like mutations is confirmed by our findings. The frequency of the double mutation T929I-L932 F in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene associated with permethrin resistance was 0.95 in Danish head lice populations.},
	keywords = {bioassay, capitis, humanus, knockdown, Pediculus, pyrethroid, resistance},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/46259.pdf},
	author = {Kristensen,Michael and Knorr,Mette and Rasmussen,Anne-Marie and Jespersen,J{\o}rgen B.}
}
@article {44,
	title = {Use of temperature and water immersion to control the human body louse (Anoplura: Pediculidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {723 - 725},
	abstract = {Physical methods such as high and low temperatures were used in the past for the control of human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus L. (Anoplura: Pediculidae). In the current study, the minimum time necessary to kill all lice after exposing them to temperatures other than those described in the literature, the mortality of lice after immersing them in water, and the survival of lice whose legs were amputated were studied. All lice died after 6 d at 6},
	keywords = {alternative, capitis, control, humanus, Pediculus},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/46299.pdf},
	author = {Mumcuoglu,Kosta Y. and Friger,M. and Cohen,R.}
}
@article {60,
	title = {Evaluation of the potential insecticide activity of Tagetes minuta (Aseraceae) essential oils against the head lice Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae)},
	journal = {Neotropical entomology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {805 - 807},
	keywords = {capitis, control, pediculosis},
	author = {Cestari,I. M. and Sarti,S. J. and Waib,C. M. and Braco,A. C.,Jr.}
}
