@article {39,
	title = {Permethrin-Resistant Head Lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae) in Argentina Are Susceptible to Spinosad},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {634 - 635},
	abstract = {The insecticidal activity of spinosad was evaluated against susceptible and permethrin-resistant human lice. In a permethrin-susceptible strain of the body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus L. (Anoplura: Pediculidae), the toxicity of spinosad was similar to that established for permethrin, with an LD50 value of 1.2 ng/insect and 2.4 ng/insect, respectively. Topical application of spinosad to populations of permethrin-resistant head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae), showed that susceptibility to spinosad was independent of resistance to permethrin. The effectiveness of spinosad against human lice and the low mammalian toxicity reported in the literature suggest that spinosad could be useful for the management of permethrin-resistant human lice.},
	keywords = {Argentina, humanus, spinosad, permethrin, Pediculus, resistance},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/46258.pdf},
	author = {Mougabure-Cueto,Gast{\'o}n A. and Zerba,Eduardo Nicol{\'a}s and Picollo,Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s}
}
@article {41,
	title = {Survey of Permethrin and Malathion Resistance in Human Head Lice Populations from Denmark},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Entomology},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {533 - 538},
	abstract = {Head lice, Pediculis capitis De Geer, populations were investigated for permethrin and malathion resistance after initial establishment of a discriminating dose of topical application bioassay with body lice, Pediculus humanus L. For both insecticides, ≈2 times the lethal dose (LD)95 at 4 h was selected, 2 ng of permethrin and 100 ng of malathion per head louse, respectively. Head lice were collected from heads of infested children in Denmark at 33 primary schools, one kindergarten, and seven boarding schools. The lice were collected by combing of dry hair, with a fine-toothed antilouse comb attached to a vacuum cleaner. A resistance survey covers head lice collected from 208 of 1,441 persons combed. The frequency of permethrin- and malathion-resistant head lice is high in Danish head lice populations. In 17 of 24 samples tested for permethrin resistance, all head lice survived the discriminating dose. Six samples had between 3 and 25\% dead head lice, whereas one sample had 60\% mortality. In nine of 25 samples tested for malathion resistance, all head lice survived the discriminating dose. Seven samples had <25\% dead head lice, and four samples had a mortality of 50\% or more at the discriminating dose. The connection between permethrin resistance and kdr-like mutations is confirmed by our findings. The frequency of the double mutation T929I-L932 F in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene associated with permethrin resistance was 0.95 in Danish head lice populations.},
	keywords = {bioassay, capitis, humanus, knockdown, Pediculus, pyrethroid, resistance},
	url = {http://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/46259.pdf},
	author = {Kristensen,Michael and Knorr,Mette and Rasmussen,Anne-Marie and Jespersen,J{\o}rgen B.}
}
