02319nas a2200373   4500008004100000245015900041210006900200260000900269300001400278490000600292520124300298653001301541653001301554653001401567653001101581653001901592653001701611653001601628653001401644653001101658653000801669653003001677653001701707653002101724653001501745653001001760653001601770100002101786700002501807700001601832700002301848700001801871856005601889       1994                        eng d00aImmunization of rabbits with a midgut extract of the human body louse Pediculus humanus humanus - the effect of induced resistance on the louse population0 aImmunization of rabbits with a midgut extract of the human body   c1994  a114 - 1180 v83 aResistance to human body lice, Pediculus humanus humanus L, induced by feeding on rabbits immunized with an extract of louse gut was studied. The mortality of lice fed on immunized rabbits was 73%, significantly higher than that of lice fed on control rabbits (52%) (P < 0.01). The proportion of dead nymphs and female lice with ruptured guts was significantly higher in lice fed on immunized rabbits (P < 0.01). The size of the bloodmeal was 35% greater in female lice fed on control rabbits than on immunized rabbits. Lice fed on immunized rabbits laid 40% less eggs than those fed on the controls, they also demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of eggs per female over time (P < 0.01). 86% of the eggs laid by lice fed on immunized animals hatched, compared with 92% hatching of eggs laid by the lice fed on control animals (P < 0.01). With the exception of the first bloodmeal the percentage of hatched eggs which were laid between any two bloodmeals was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) in the lice fed on immunized rabbits than in the control group. The first nymphal stage of lice fed on immunized rabbits took an average of 5.2 days to moult to the second stage, compared with 4 days for those fed on control rabbits.10aAnoplura10aantigens10aBoophilus10acattle10aHoplopleuridae10aimmunization10ainfestation10amicroplus10amidgut10apdf10aPediculus humanus humanus10aPhthiraptera10apolyplax serrata10aresistance10aticks10avaccination1 aBen-Yakir, David1 aMumcuoglu, Kosta, Y.1 aManor, Orly1 aOchanda, James, O.1 aGalun, Rachel  uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/38454.pdf02136nas a2200325   4500008004100000245013000041210006900171260000900240300001400249490000700263520122500270653001301495653001201508653002001520653001301540653001901553653001201572653001301584653001201597653001501609653001401624653001401638653001701652653001001669653001301679653002001692653001901712100002401731856005501755       1994                        eng d00aThe tuft organs of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis - cryofixation study of a thermo-hygrosensitive sensillum0 atuft organs of the human body louse Pediculus humanus corporis c  c1994  a259 - 2750 v263 aThe tuft organs of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis, display a complex cuticular apparatus without wall pores, consisting of the cuticular cone. cuticular pocket, and the sensillar peg with 5-6 tuft processes. The cuticular wall of the sensillar peg exhibits several layers of differing electron density tightly surrounding the dendrites. The sensillar peg is innervated by the unbranched dendrites of two receptor cells which do not reach into the tuft processes. A third receptor cell forms a lamellar outer dendritic segment which wraps around the two other dendrites and terminates before reaching the base of the sensory peg. This type of receptor cell is named stratoterminal while for those which end within the cuticular apparatus the term conoterminal is proposed. Five auxiliary cells are associated with each tuft organ. The pore organs display a porous cuticular plate innervated by the branching dendrites of four receptor cells. A fifth receptor cell terminates more proximal and resembles the stratoterminal cell of the tuft organ. From the fine structure it is evident that the tuft organs represent thermo- /hygrosensitive sensilla whereas the pore organs may have an olfactory function.10aAnoplura10aantenna10acharacteristics10acorporis10afine structure10ahumanus10ahumidity10alocusta10amigratoria10aolfaction10aPediculus10aPhthiraptera10asense10asensilla10athermoreceptive10athermoreceptor1 aSteinbrecht, R., A.  uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/2832.pdf05534nas a2200265   4500008004100000245021400041210006900255260000900324300001400333490000600347520470200353653000805055653001505063653000905078653001205087653001105099653001505110653000905125653001705134653001905151653001105170653001305181100001805194856005605212       2005                        eng d00aPsittacobrosus bechsteini: a new extinct chewing louse (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Amblycera) off the Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor (Psittaciiformes), with an annotated review of fossil and recently extinct animal lice0 aPsittacobrosus bechsteini a new extinct chewing louse Insecta Ph  c2005  a201 - 2170 v53 aA description is given of Psittacobrosus bechsteini n. sp. (Menoponidae sensu lato) from a female individual removed from a skin of the Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor, a Cuban endemic extinct since the 19th century. This find provided an opportunity to recall the relationship between ornithology and parasitology established by JOHANN MATTHÄUS BECHSTEIN (1757-1822) at the end of the 18th century. With regard to the listing of (4) scientific animal names created in honour of J. M. BECHSTEIN, it is argued here why the name of the small lepidopteran (Bucculatricidae) »Bucculatrix bechsteinella (BECHSTEIN & SCHARFENBERG, 1805) should be revised as Bucculatrix bechsteinella (SCHARFENBERG in BECHSTEIN & SCHARFENBERG, 1805). An annotated list identifies the animal louse species regarded as definitely or probably extinct up to the present day, as well as their hosts. It has been claimed that six fossil finds that are dealt with here are all animal lice. In actual fact, this applies to the following three records only: 1. Imagines of † Neohaematopinus relictus DUBININ, 1948 (Anoplura, Polyplacidae) ex † Spermolegus (Urocitellus) glacialis (VINOGRADOV) (Rodentia, Sciuridae), Pleistocene (ca. 10 000 years old), Yakutskaya. 2. Several eggs of an unknown animal louse (Anoplura ?) on hairs probably from a sciurid-like rodent (Rodentia), Baltic amber, Eocene (ca. 40 million years old), Germany. 3. An imago of † Megamenopon rasnitsyni WAPPLER, SMITH & DALGLEISH, 2003 (Amblycera, Menoponidae sensu lato) perhaps from a procellariiform, charadriiform or anseriform bird, Eocene (40 million years old), Germany. The Cretaceous Saurodectes vrsanskyi RASNITSYN & ZHERIKHIN, 1999, a presumed ectoparasite on hair-covered pterosaurs, did not belong to the Phthiraptera but to another insect order. Recent (probably) extinct animal lice from mammals are apparently as yet unknown, but in contrast, apart from † Psittacobrosus bechsteini n. sp., the following 11 speciesare known that once parasitized birds. In order of their first description they are: 1. † Acutifrons caracarensis (KELLOGG & MANN, 1912) (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s. l.) ex † Caracara lutosa (RIDGWAY) (Falconidae), Guadelupe Island (Mexico). 2. Longimenopon dominicanum (KELLOGG & MANN, 1912) (Amblycera, Menoponidae s. l.) ex Oceanodroma macrodactyla W. E. BRYANT (Hydrobatidae), Guadalupe Island. 3. Columbicola extinctus MALCOMSON, 1937 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s. l.) ex † Ectopistes migratorius (L.) (Columbidae), North America. 4. Rallicola piageti CLAY, 1953 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s. l.) ex Gallirallus lafresnayanus VERREAUX & DES MURS (Rallidae), New Caledonia. 5. Halipeurus (Anamias) raphanus TIMMERMANN, 1961 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s. l.) ex Oceanodroma macrodactyla W. E. BRYANT (Hydrobatidae), Guadalupe Island. 6. Puffinoecus jamaicensis (TIMMERMANN, 1962) (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s.l.) ex Pterodroma caribbaea CARTE (Procellariidae), Jamaica. 7. † Campanulotes defectus TENDEIRO, 1969 (Ischnocera, Goniodidae) ex † Ectopistes migratorius (L.) (Columbidae), North America. 8. Nitzschiella hemiphagae TENDEIRO, 1972 (Ischnocera, Goniodidae) ex † Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea (LATHAM) (Columbidae), Norfolk Island (New Zealand). 9. † Patellinirmus restinctus TENDEIRO, 1972 (Ischnocera, Goniodidae) ex † Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea (LATHAM) (Columbidae), Norfolk Island. 10. † Huiacola extinctus MEY, 1990 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s.l.) ex † Heteralocha acutirostris (GOULD) (Callaeatidae), New Zealand (North Island). 11. Philopteroides xenicus MEY, 2004 (Ischnocera, Philopteridae s. l.) ex † Xenicus l. longipes (J. F. GMELIN) (Acanthisittidae), New Zealand. Further unnamed forms await their description, or their discovery on hosts that have become extinct during the last 400 years. Historical animal louse records are known from: 1. Trimenopon hispidum (BURMEISTER, 1838) (Amblycera, Trimenoponidae), 2. Gliricola porcelli (SCHRANK, 1781) (Amblycera, Gliricolidae), both ex Cavia porcellus f. dom. (Rodentia, Caviidae), Peru, 1100 years old. 3. Pediculus capitis DE GEER, 1778 (Anoplura, Pediculidae) ex Homo s. sapiens (Primates, Hominidae) ca. 1400-10000 years old, South America, New Zealand, Africa, Asia, and Europe. 4. Pediculus humanus L., 1758 (Anoplura, Pediculidae) ex Homo s. sapiens (Primates, Hominidae), ca. 1300-2000 years old, Egypt, North and South America. 5. Pthirus pubis (L., 1758) (Anoplura, Pthiridae) ex Homo s. sapiens (Primates, Hominidae), ca. 1000-2000 years old, Europe, Chile and Peru. 6. Microthoracius sp. (Anoplura, Microthoraciidae) ex Lama glama f. dom. (L., 1758) (Artiodactyla, Camelidae), ca. 1000 years old, Peru.10aAra10abechsteini10aCuba10aextinct10afossil10ahistorical10amtax10aPhthiraptera10aPsittacobrosus10asp. n.10atricolor1 aMey, Eberhard  uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/Publications/46150.pdf